To what extent does a pop stars image influence their
audience?
In terms of Richard Dyer’s Star Theory, the terms “pop star”
and “pop performer” are interchangeable. The difference between pop stars and
pop performers is that pop stars may simply be awarded fame for being pop
stars, appearing on reality TV shows or amidst controversial news and the like,
or have an identity or persona which is solely not restricted to their musicianship.
Both pop stars and pop performers are/become media constructs who directly
influence their audience via fashion choices, music, celebrity persona,
controversy etc. An example of a pop performer transitioning into a pop star is
Kanye West.
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| Source A |
Kanye began his rapping career having a ‘real’
image of a somewhat nerdy, funny, intelligent political activist. At this stage
in his career, Kanye is clearly a pop performer rather than a pop star. Kanye
at first was viewed as an ambassador for the "African-American" community, his subversive
and comedic lyrics reflected social attitudes towards materialism,
institutionalised/racial injustice and drug abuse. The critical and commercial success
of Kanye’s first two albums launched him into the media celebrity culture and
was put up on a pedestal, with audiences quoting verbatim Kanye lines in
everyday conversations shows Kanye’s influence on the political attitudes to
long-term and prevalent issues. Kanye’s fashion choices reflected his celebrity
persona at the time; Kanye is presented as wholesome and politically conscious,
also clashes against the approved style choices of hip-hop culture. Pink wasn't considered to be acceptable at the time in hip-hop as the genre embraced a hyper-masculine and possibly homophobic views.
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| Source B |
Kanye’s image changed from pop performer to pop star during his
third album (
Graduation). Kanye began
to conform to the cosmopolitan look, a record label's decision to appeal to a generalised market and place rappers on the same platform associated with celebrity socialites, such as Ryan Reynolds (Source B). Kanye’s music became more commercial and broad, lacking the political punch he was famous for; also fans began to follow the fashion trend of sporting the glasses in Source C. However, Kanye's dress sense brought a level of sophistication to hip-hop, as it broke some stereotypes that hip-hop is a "ghetto", aggressive culture that only speaks to black people, but is rather an all-inclusive genre, regardless of race.
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| Source C |
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| Source D |
Another rap artist that has similar impact as Kanye would be Eminem. Eminem presented two images simultaneously: the irreverent and outlandish comedian and the aggressive, but powerful lyricist. The influence of Eminem's music video implementing satire changed perceptions that hip-hop needn't be aggressive and sombre, but can express humour and unity. The use of comedy paved way for artists such as Kanye to incorporate comedy or skits in their videos, also, the humour brought in a wider fan base, mainly increasing White fans as they now has a figure in which they felt they could relate too. His more macabre side of his persona, broke the glass ceiling for white rappers to become known in a Black/Latino dominated genre, as before Eminem there was no White rappers that was able to compete as the same level as the Blacks and Latinos. Eminem is now heralded as not only one of the greatest White rappers, but one of the greatest rappers of all time ever.
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| Source E |